MGT 300

 E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. E-commerce refers to online transactions only. E-business is the conducting of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners. E-shops is a version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office. For example, Zara, Mango, Maybelline and Adidas. E-malls consists of a number of e-shops, it serves as a gateway. For example, Lazada, Trivago and Fashion Valet. An online auction is a place where buyers and sellers come together to auction items and prices are determined dynamically.

Enterprise resource planning  ( ERP ) is business process management software that allows an organization to use a  system  of integrated applications to manage the business and automate many back office functions related to technology, services and human resources. ERP helps employees do their jobs more efficiently by breaking down barriers between business units. More specifically, an ERP solution: Gives a global, real-time view of data that can enable companies to address concerns proactively and drive improvements Improves financial compliance with regulatory standards and reduces risk Automates core business operations such as lead-to-cash, order-to-fulfillment, and procure-to-pay processes  Enhances customer service by providing one source for billing and relationship tracking. 

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a term that refers to practices, strategies and technologies that companies use to manage and analyze customer interactions and data throughout the customer lifecycle, with the goal of improving business relationships with customers, assisting in customer retention and driving sales growth. CRM systems are designed to compile information on customers across different channels -- or points of contact between the customer and the company -- which could include the company's website, telephone, live chat, direct mail, marketing materials and social media. CRM systems can also give customer-facing staff detailed information on customers' personal information, purchase history, buying preferences and concerns

What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? Supply chain management (SCM) is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective & efficient ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. The concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is based on two core ideas:  The first is that practically every product that reaches an end user represents the cumulative effort of multiple organizations. These organizations are referred to collectively as the supply chain. The second idea is that while supply chains have existed for a long time, most organizations have only paid attention to what was happening within their “four walls.” Few businesses understood, much

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) - Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) - Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Decision Support System (DSS) 1. Sensitivity Analysis 2. What-if-Analysis 3. Goal-seeking Analysis Executive Information Systems (EIS) -Consolidation - Drill-down - Slice-and-dice Artificial Intelligence (AI) Categories of AI 1. Expert System 2. Neural Network 3. Generic algorithm 4. Intelligent agent Data Mining  Forms of Data Mining analysis capabilities: - Cluster Analysis Technique of dividing an information set into mutually exclusive groups - Association detection Reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information - Statistical analysis Performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations and variance analysis

FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA WAREHOUSE Data Warehouse - a logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) - process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of eneterprise definitions and loads the information into a data warehouse Data mart - contains a subset of data warehouse information MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND DATA MINING Data Mining - the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone  INFORMATION CLEANSING OR SCRUBBING

Databases - maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses) Database models

Value of Transactional and Analytical Information Value of Timely Information Real-time information - immediate up to date information Real-time system - provides real-time information in response to query requests Value of Quality Information Characteristics of quality information

IT Roles and Responsibilities Chief Information Officer (CIO) - oversees all uses of IT - responsible for ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objective Chief Technology Officer (CTO) - responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability and reliability of IT Chief Security Officer (CSO) - responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) - responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) - responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization’s knowledge Ethics -the principles and standards that guide our behaviour towards other people Issues affected by technology advances : - Intellectual property Intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form - Copyright Legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as song, video game and some types of proprietary document - F

How to analyze and develop competitive advantages in the industry? Three common tools - Porter ’s Five Forces Model - Porter’s three generic strategies - Value chains 1.  Porter ’s Five Forces Model   Buyer power - HIGH (customers have many choices of whom to buy from) (as a seller) - LOW (few choices) How to lower - Loyalty programmes - Switching cost   Supplier power - HIGH (buyers have few choices of whom to buy from) (as a supplier) - LOW (buyers have more choices)   Threat of substitute products or services - HIGH (many alternatives to a product or service) (as a seller) - LOW (less alternatives to choose)   Threat of new entrants - HIGH (easy for new competitors to enter market) (as a seller) - LOW (there are barriers to enter market)   Rivalry among existing competitors - HIGH (competition is fierce) (as a seller) - LOW (competition is more complacent) 2.  Porter’s three generic st

What will you learn at the end of the chapter? Compare Management Information Systems (MIS) & Information Technology (IT) Relationship among people, information technology and information Identify 4 different department in a typical business and explain how technology helps them work together Compare 4 types of organizational information cultures What are the business functions (departments) that receive the greatest benefits from information technology Business Driven Technology * IT department is responsible for performing the MIS = Accounting Department is reponsible for performing the accounts payable and accounts receivable functions INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASIS Data - raw facts describing the charcteristic of an event, e.g. name, phone number, id number Information - data converted into a meaningful (HELPS IN DESICION MAKING) and useful context, data mining; digging out the information Business intelligence - applications and technologies that are us